الحاضر التام
The Present Perfect connects the past to the present. It describes experiences, recent events with present effects, and situations that started in the past and continue now.
الحاضر التام يربط الماضي بالحاضر. يصف التجارب، الأحداث الحديثة، والحالات المستمرة.
التكوين: have/has + past participle
| الضمير | المساعد | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| I/You/We/They | have + PP | I have eaten. |
| He/She/It | has + PP | She has eaten. |
| نفي | haven't/hasn't + PP | I haven't eaten. |
| سؤال | Have/Has + Subject + PP? | Have you eaten? |
الاستخدامات الأربعة
1. تجربة في الحياة
I have visited Paris. (at some point in my life)
زرت باريس في مرحلة ما من حياتي.
2. حدث قريب له تأثير الآن
I have lost my keys. (and can't find them now)
فقدت مفاتيحي وأنا أبحث عنها الآن.
3. استمرار من الماضي حتى الآن
She has worked here for 5 years. (still works here)
هي تعمل هنا منذ 5 سنوات ولا تزال.
4. وقت لم ينتهِ بعد
I have sent 10 emails today. (today isn't over)
أرسلت 10 رسائل اليوم واليوم لم ينتهِ.
الكلمات الدالة
| الكلمة | المعنى | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| already | بالفعل | I have already eaten. |
| yet | بعد | I haven't finished yet. |
| just | للتو | She has just arrived. |
| ever | في أي وقت | Have you ever been to Japan? |
| never | أبدًا | I have never lied. |
| for | لمدة | He has lived here for 3 years. |
| since | منذ | I've known her since 2015. |
الحاضر التام vs الماضي البسيط
| الحاضر التام | الماضي البسيط |
|---|---|
| I have seen that film. (لا وقت محدد) | I saw that film yesterday. (وقت محدد) |
| She has just left. (حديث) | She left an hour ago. (وقت محدد) |
| I have lived here for 5 years. (لا يزال) | I lived there for 2 years. (انتهى) |
تمارين
- I ___ (never/try) bungee jumping.
- She ___ (just/finish) the report.
- ___ they ___ (leave) yet?
- He ___ (work) here for ten years.
عرض الحلول
- have never tried
- has just finished
- Have they left
- has worked
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