الماضي البسيط
The Past Simple is used for finished actions at a specific time in the past. It is one of the most commonly used tenses in storytelling and everyday speech.
الماضي البسيط يُستخدم للأفعال المنتهية في وقت محدد في الماضي.
التكوين
| نوع | القاعدة | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| مثبتة | Subject + past verb | I worked / He went |
| منفية | Subject + did not + base verb | She didn't go |
| سؤال | Did + Subject + base verb? | Did you see him? |
💡 في النفي والأسئلة نستخدم did/didn't ونعود للفعل الأساسي — ليس الشكل الماضي!
الأفعال المنتظمة — إضافة -ed
| الحالة | القاعدة | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| معظم الأفعال | + ed | work→worked, play→played |
| ينتهي بـ e | + d | love→loved, live→lived |
| ساكن + y | y→ied | study→studied, try→tried |
| مقطع واحد + ساكن | ضاعف + ed | stop→stopped, plan→planned |
الأفعال الشاذة الأساسية
| الفعل | الماضي | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | ذهب |
| come | came | جاء |
| see | saw | رأى |
| get | got | حصل |
| take | took | أخذ |
| give | gave | أعطى |
| have | had | كان لديه |
| make | made | صنع |
| say | said | قال |
| know | knew | عرف |
| think | thought | فكّر |
| buy | bought | اشترى |
| eat | ate | أكل |
| drink | drank | شرب |
| write | wrote | كتب |
| read | read | قرأ |
| speak | spoke | تحدث |
| drive | drove | قاد |
| run | ran | جرى |
| begin | began | بدأ |
الكلمات الدالة
- yesterday — I called him yesterday.
- last week/month/year — She visited last year.
- ago — I moved here 3 years ago.
- in 2020 — We met in 2019.
أمثلة شاملة
| الجملة | الترجمة |
|---|---|
| I woke up late yesterday. | استيقظت متأخرًا أمس. |
| She bought a new phone last week. | اشترت هاتفًا جديدًا الأسبوع الماضي. |
| They went to the beach in summer. | ذهبوا إلى الشاطئ في الصيف. |
| He didn't come to class. | لم يأتِ إلى الفصل. |
| Did you see that film? | هل شاهدت ذلك الفيلم؟ |
| We studied all night. | درسنا طوال الليل. |
| I met him two years ago. | قابلته قبل سنتين. |
| She spoke to the manager. | تحدثت إلى المدير. |
| He drove to work this morning. | قاد إلى العمل هذا الصباح. |
| We had a great time. | قضينا وقتًا رائعًا. |
الأخطاء الشائعة
| خطأ ❌ | صحيح ✅ |
|---|---|
| I didn't went. | I didn't go. |
| Did she went? | Did she go? |
| He buyed a car. | He bought a car. |
| We goed to the park. | We went to the park. |
تمارين
- She ___ (visit) her grandmother last Sunday.
- They ___ (not/arrive) on time.
- ___ he ___ (finish) his homework?
- I ___ (see) a great film yesterday.
عرض الحلول
- visited
- didn't arrive
- Did he finish
- saw
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